合作与交流是指把个人之间的竞争转化为小组竞争,有助于培养学生的合作精神和交流意识。小学高年级学生的求知欲发展得很快,心理发展中的独立性与幼稚性的矛盾日益突出,其思维活动已开始由形象思维向抽象思维过渡,他们的思维活动越来越具有独 Cooperation and exchange refers to the competition between individuals into a group competition, help to develop students’ cooperation and exchange of awareness. The curiosity of high school students develops very fast and the contradiction between independence and naive mentality in psychology has become increasingly prominent. Their thinking activities have begun to transition from the image thinking to the abstract thinking. Their thinking activities are more and more unique