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目的探讨导致残疾儿的相关因素,为有针对性地采取防治措施提供科学依据。方法266例残疾儿根据生产医院的不同,分为市区以上和市区以下2组。统计方法:采用构成比和卡方检验。结果通过对266例残疾儿相关因素分析结果显示,轻度智力低下96例、中度智力低下90例、重度智力低下34例、IQ>70的患儿46例。但伴有脑瘫的患儿58例,占总数的21.80%、肢体障碍15例,占总数的5.64%、语言障碍16例,占总数的6.02%、运动发育落后10例,占总数的3.76%。排在前8位的致病因素为:窒息、原因不明、新生儿疾病、脐带因素、宫内窘迫、早产、孕母因素、B超诊断等。结论降低残疾儿的出生率,需要产科、儿科、以及生殖技术研究中心多方合作。加强婚前保健、孕产期保健、婴儿保健和早期干预等综合性防治措施,尤其是加强基层医院的技术力量和抢救水平,是预防和减少出生缺陷和残疾发生的关键。
Objective To explore the related factors of children with disabilities and provide scientific evidence for the targeted prevention and treatment measures. Methods 266 cases of disabled children according to the different production hospitals, divided into urban areas above and below the urban area 2 groups. Statistical Methods: Composition ratio and chi-square test. Results By analyzing 266 related factors of disabled children, there were 96 cases with mild mental retardation, 90 cases with moderate mental retardation, 34 cases with severe mental retardation and 46 cases with IQ> 70. However, 58 cases of children with cerebral palsy, accounting for 21.80% of the total, limb disorders in 15 cases, accounting for 5.64% of the total, 16 cases of speech disorders, accounting for 6.02% of the total, 10 cases of sports development backward, accounting for 3.76% of the total. The top eight risk factors are asphyxia, unknown cause, neonatal disease, umbilical cord factors, intrauterine distress, prematurity, maternal factors, B-ultrasound and so on. Conclusion Reducing the birth rate of disabled children requires multi-cooperation between obstetrics, pediatrics and reproductive technology research centers. To strengthen comprehensive prevention and treatment measures such as premarital health care, maternal health care, infant health care and early intervention, especially strengthening the technical strength and rescue level in grass-roots hospitals, is the key to preventing and reducing birth defects and disability.