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在围绕国企要不要进行产权改革的争论中,不断看到多家报刊介绍有学者提出的观点:国企问题不在于产权而是来源于政策性负担——除了国企背着包括冗员、老工人的退休支出的社会负担之外,中国国企的政策性负担主要是“战略性负担”。该观点强调:中国是一个资本相对稀缺的国家,比较优势在于劳动力过剩,只适宜搞劳动力密集产业,而有战略性负担的国企所在的行业,基本上是资本密集的,这是不符合比较优势的。因此,国企改革的核心在于,不但需要剥离冗员及企业负责职工养老的社会性负担,还必须剥离“战略性负担”。即除了靠财政拨款、
In the controversy surrounding the need for state-owned enterprises to carry out property rights reforms, we have constantly seen a number of newspapers and periodicals introduce some scholars’ point of view: The problem of state-owned enterprises does not lie in property rights but in policy burdens—except that state-owned enterprises carry retirements including redundant workers and old workers. In addition to the social burden of expenditure, the policy burden of Chinese state-owned enterprises is mainly “strategic burden.” This point of view emphasizes that China is a relatively scarce capital country. The comparative advantage lies in the surplus of labor and it is only suitable for labor-intensive industries. The industries in which state-owned enterprises have strategic burdens are basically capital-intensive, which is inconsistent with comparative advantages. of. Therefore, the core of state-owned enterprise reform lies in the fact that it is necessary not only to abolish the social burdens of superfluous employees and the enterprise’s responsibility for employee pensions, but also to remove the “strategic burden”. That is, apart from relying on financial allocations,