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知而不行、知而错行、知而难行与知而逆行是当代中学生道德教育面临的主要困境。德育目标的抽象、德育内容与现实的脱离、德育评价的教育功能缺失是中学生“知行脱节”的主要内因。为确保德育实效,学校德育应加强顶层设计,改善德育环境,把握德育目标可能性与现实性的平衡,结合学科特点,凸显隐性德育,变革德育评价,重视德育实践。一、知行脱节:中学生道德教育的现实困境
Knowledge and not knowing, knowing and wrong, knowing and difficult to know and retrograde is the main predicament faced by contemporary secondary school moral education. The abstraction of moral education goal, the content of moral education from reality, the absence of educational function in moral education evaluation are the main internal causes of high school students “out of line ”. In order to ensure the effectiveness of moral education, moral education in schools should strengthen the top-level design, improve the moral education environment, grasp the balance between the possibility and reality of moral education goals, highlight the hidden moral education, reform the evaluation of moral education and emphasize the practice of moral education. First, the disregard of knowledge and practice: the plight of middle school students’ moral education