有关数和图形等概念的确立和性质的理解,是通过思考而展开的。为了有助于这种思考,应该使用图、表、式等种种工具,进行直观——操作教学。目前在日本使用比较多的用具有投影机,幻灯机,各种模型,数字表,有色板等。这些用具,若以教师使用为主的称为教具,以学生使用为主的称为学具。 The establishment and nature of concepts such as numbers and figures are developed through reflection. In order to contribute to this kind of thinking, various tools such as diagrams, tables, and the like should be used for intuitive-operation teaching. Currently used more in Japan with projectors, slide projector, a variety of models, digital watches, colored plates and so on. These utensils, if used mainly by teachers as teaching aids, are mainly used by students as learning instruments.