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本文简述选育优质蛋白玉米所遇到的问题及其解决途径。国际玉米小麦改良中心(以下简称“改良中心”)过去十多年来采用奥帕克2基因及其修饰基因的作用,将原来的粉质籽粒逐渐改成硬胚乳籽粒,同时保存了高营养品质,使籽粒中的赖氨酸和色氨酸含量仍然高过普通玉米,在育种上取得了显著进展。整个育种过程可分为三个阶段:(1)选获优质蛋白玉米的供体原种,(2)选育优质蛋白玉米种质,(3)管理种质的新方法。本文详述了这些阶段的工作目标以及采用的育种方法。“改良中心”现已成功地培育了大批优良的优质蛋白玉米种质,克服了奥帕克2玉米的各种缺点。目前拥有的优质蛋白玉米种质包括13个基因库材料和10个高代群体,分别属于热带和亚热带材料,并以籽粒的色泽和质地加以分类。依靠新的管理方法和国际多点后裔试验,这些优质蛋白玉米的种质将得到进一步的改良和广泛利用。
This article briefly describes the problems encountered in breeding high quality protein maize and their solutions. For more than a decade, the International Corn and Wheat Improvement Center (AMC) has adopted the role of the Opaque 2 gene and its modified genes to gradually transform the original silty grain into hard endosperm grain while preserving the high nutritional quality, So that the grain lysine and tryptophan content is still higher than ordinary corn, made significant progress in breeding. The whole breeding process can be divided into three stages: (1) selecting the original donor of high-quality protein maize, (2) breeding the high-quality protein maize germplasm, and (3) the new method of managing germplasm. This article details the objectives of these phases and the breeding methods used. The Center for Improvement has now succeeded in nurturing a large number of fine, high-quality protein maize germplasms that overcome the various disadvantages of Opaque 2 maize. The currently available high quality protein maize germplasm consists of 13 genebank materials and 10 elite populations, belonging to tropical and subtropical species, respectively, and classified according to the color and texture of the grain. Relying on the new management methods and international multi-descendent trials, the germplasm of these high-quality protein maize will be further improved and widely used.