教师如何运用实验引导学生既获得知识又能掌握正确的科学思维方法,养成优良的思维品质呢?下面谈谈笔者一些作法和体会。 一、通过实验,帮助学生从感性认识上升到理性认识,形成从现象到本质的深刻思维 在磷酸和磷酸盐一节中,学生在磷酸的正盐、一氢盐、二氢盐的相互转化关系及有关离子方程式的书写这一环节上往往容易发生思维障碍而学得困难。而教材只以磷酸与烧碱反应为例,从理论上说明各种磷酸盐的形成,比 How can teachers use experiments to guide students to acquire knowledge and master the correct scientific thinking methods and develop good thinking qualities? Let’s talk about the author’s practices and experiences. First, through experiments, students are encouraged to rise from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and form deep thinking from phenomena to essence. In the section of phosphoric acid and phosphate, the students’ mutual conversion relationship of normal salt, monohydrogen salt and dihydrogen salt of phosphoric acid And the writing about ion equations is often prone to obstacles in thinking and learning is difficult. The textbook only uses the reaction of phosphoric acid and caustic soda as an example to explain theoretically the formation of various phosphates.