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目的探讨不同健康教育方式对碘缺乏病防治效果的影响,为完善健康教育工作方法提供科学依据。方法 2012年9月采用分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取济南市4个县12个乡,在乡中心小学开展碘缺乏病危害健康教育活动;在每个乡随机抽取3个村,共抽取36个村,在全体居民中开展社区碘缺乏病危害健康教育活动。在开展健康教育项目前、后,在每所小学随机抽取5年级1个班的30名学生,同时随机抽取学校附近15名家庭主妇进行问卷调查。结果健康教育前后分别调查调查小学生360人,碘缺乏病防治知识总的知晓率,健康教育前为81.11%、健康教育后为97.22%(P<0.01);历城区提高最多,由60.00%提高到95.90%(P<0.01),章丘市提高最少,由95.19%到97.41%(P>0.05)。健康教育前后分别调查家庭主妇180人,碘缺乏病防治知识总的知晓率,健康教育前为85.00%,健康教育为96.11%(P<0.01);平阴县提高最多,由72.59%提高到92.59%(P<0.01)。结论健康教育是提高碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率有效措施。
Objective To explore the effect of different health education methods on the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders and provide a scientific basis for improving the health education methods. Methods In September 2012, stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select 12 townships in 4 counties in Jinan City and carry out health education activities on iodine deficiency disorders in rural primary schools. Three villages were randomly selected from each township, and 36 Village, carry out health education activities of iodine deficiency disease among all the residents. Before and after conducting health education programs, 30 students in 1 grade of Grade 5 were randomly selected from each primary school. At the same time, 15 housewives were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results Before and after health education, the total number of primary school students was 360, the total awareness rate of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders was 81.11% before health education and 97.22% after health education (P <0.01), and the most significant increase from 60.00% to 95.90% (P <0.01), Zhangqiu city to improve the least, from 95.19% to 97.41% (P> 0.05). Before and after health education, 180 housewives were surveyed, the total awareness rate of knowledge about prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders was 85.00% before health education and 96.11% for health education (P <0.01); the highest increase was from Pingyin County from 72.59% to 92.59 % (P <0.01). Conclusion Health education is an effective measure to raise awareness of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.