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张之洞,河北南皮人,生于道光十七年,卒于宣统元年(1837——1909).他出身于小官僚地主家庭,曾任翰林院编修、两广总督、商务大臣、军机大臣、督办粤汉铁路大臣等职.在他任内,开设武昌纺纱局、织布局、汉阳铁厂和萍乡煤矿等官办企业,创办自强学堂、商务学堂等买办文化机关,大搞洋务活动,成为洋务派头目和地主买办阶级的代表.他的《劝学篇》是地主买办阶级思想的总结,也是抵制变法维新思潮的标志.
Zhang Zhidong, Hebei Nanpi people, was born in Daoguang seventeen years, died in the first year of Xuantong (1837--1909) .He was born in a small bureaucratic landlord family, served as editor of the Imperial Academy, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Minister of Commerce, military aircraft During his tenure, he opened Wuchang Spinning Bureau, Weaving Layout Bureau, Hanyang Iron Works and Pingxiang Coal Mine and other government-run enterprises. He founded comprador cultural institutions such as self-improvement schools and business schools, and also engaged in foreign affairs activities And became the representatives of the foreign affairs chiefs and the comprador class of the landlords, whose “Encouraging Studies” is a summary of the thinking of the landlords’ comprador class and also a sign of resisting the reformist trend of reform.