上海青浦练塘镇是著名的茭白之乡,每年会产生大量茭白叶废弃物,对环境构成威胁。茭白叶发酵腐熟后,制成有机肥料,是其资源化再利用的重要途径。为了解茭白叶发酵肥的肥效,布置番茄栽培田间试验,并与菜籽饼肥和复合化肥作比较。研究施用发酵肥对番茄生长、产量和品质、土壤养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)施用发酵肥土壤有机质含量提高13.8%,土壤有效养分也显著提高,尤以速效钾为最,发酵肥施用也显著促进土壤酶活性,尤其是过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性,番茄生长期,分别提高了93.1%和63.2%。(2)施用发酵肥,能促进番茄生长,提高果实产量达20.4%,但由于其氮磷含量低,肥效缓,对番茄增产效果不及化肥和饼肥。(3)由于发酵肥具有富钾低氮特性,与单施化肥相比,施用发酵肥番茄糖分提高11.4%,硝态氮含量降低28.2%,显著提高果实品质。 Liantang Town, Qingpu, Shanghai is a well-known hometown of Zibai, which produces a large amount of white leaf waste each year, posing a threat to the environment.茭 white leaf fermented matured, made of organic fertilizer, is an important way to recycle its resources. In order to understand the efficiency of the fermented white leaf fermented leaves, field experiments of tomato cultivation were arranged and compared with rapeseed cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Effects of fermented fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of tomato, soil nutrient and enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that: (1) The content of soil organic matter increased by 13.8% and the soil available nutrients also increased significantly with the application of fermented fertilizer, especially with the most available potassium, and the application of fermented fertilizer significantly promoted soil enzyme activity, especially catalase and sucrase activity , Tomato growth period, respectively, increased by 93.1% and 63.2%. (2) The application of fermented fertilizer can promote the growth of tomato and increase the fruit yield by 20.4%. However, due to its low content of nitrogen and phosphorus and slow release of fertilizer, the yield increase of tomato is less than that of chemical fertilizer and cake fertilizer. (3) Due to the potassium-rich and low-nitrogen characteristics of fermented fertilizer, the sugar content of tomato increased 11.4% and the content of nitrate nitrogen decreased 28.2% compared with that of single chemical fertilizer, which significantly improved the fruit quality.