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砂仁是姜科的一种多年生常绿草本植物。目前医药上使用的砂仁主要有三种:一种是国产的阳春砂仁,简称春砂;一种是海南壳砂;另一种是进口的缩砂密。春砂仁的果、花、叶油均可入药,以果实的药用价值最大,有温脾、健胃、消食、镇痛、安胎的作用,是一种疗效较好的中药。春砂仁属于亚热带半阴性植物,喜高温湿润的气候,年平均22—28℃是春砂仁生长适宜的温度,一般需要空气相对湿度在90％以上。三年生以后到达开花结果的年限的春砂仁,荫蔽度以50—60％为宜,幼苗的荫蔽度要更大些。它对土壤的要求不太严格,以富含腐殖质、中性或微酸性肥沃疏松的黑砂壤土为佳。春砂仁由于它的小花的结构特点,使其自花授粉困难,又不便于异花授粉,需要借助于外界的因素。
Amomum is a perennial evergreen herb of Zingiberaceae. At present, there are mainly three kinds of Amomum used in medicine: one is Chinese-made Amomum villosum, referred to as spring sand; one is Hainan hull sand; the other is imported sanding sand. Spring Amomum fruit, flowers, leaf oil can be used as medicine, the highest medicinal value of the fruit, with the spleen, stomach, digestion, analgesic, tocolysis role is a better curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine. Amomum villosum belongs to subtropical semi-negative plants, like high temperature and humid climate, annual average of 22-28 ℃ is the appropriate temperature for the growth of Amomum villosum, the general need air relative humidity above 90%. Spring perennials that reach the end of the flowering season after three years of life have a shade of 50-60%, and the shade of the seedlings should be greater. It is less demanding on soils, preferably black sandy loam that is rich in humus, neutral or slightly acidic fertilizers. Spring Amomum because of its structural characteristics of small flowers, making it difficult to self-pollination, and not convenient for cross-pollination, need to resort to outside factors.