《标准》指出,数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知发展水平、已有的知识和生活经验基础上。长期以来,教师对学生学习基础的分析往往来自于对教材的分析,即按教材编排体系分析学生已学习了哪些知识,而不去考虑教材 “Standard” pointed out that mathematics teaching activities must be based on the level of cognitive development of students, based on existing knowledge and life experience. For a long time, teachers ’analysis of students’ learning fundamentals often comes from the analysis of textbooks, that is, according to the textbook orchestration system, students have learned what they have learned without considering the teaching materials