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商品是使用价值与价值的统一体。使用价值是商品的物质属性,商品的使用价值是价值的物质承担者,商品的价值评价就是购买者对商品使用价值的评价。商品的使用价值具有二重性,即具体使用价值和抽象使用价值。具体的使用价值也称商品的自然属性,是指商品本身所具有的机械的、物理的、化学的和生物的特性。这些自然属性决定了不同的商品具有不同的用途,商品的具体使用价值是其抽象使用价值即“效用”的物质基础。商品的抽象价值,也称商品的效用,是消费者消费或使用商品时所感到的满足,它是消费者对使用价值的感觉和评价,是留存在使用(消费)者头脑中信息价值的总和。作为一般的属性,“效用”使不同商品的使用价值有了通约性,使不同的商品之间可以进行效用的比较,加之综合计算,从而可以进行交换,形成商品的交换价值。
Goods are the unity of use value and value. Use value is the material property of the goods, the use value of the goods is the material undertaker of value, and the value evaluation of the goods is the evaluation of the value of the goods used by the buyers. The value of the goods has duality, that is, the specific use value and abstract use value. Specific use value, also known as the natural attributes of goods, refers to the product itself has the mechanical, physical, chemical and biological characteristics. These natural attributes determine the different uses of different goods. The specific value of goods is the material basis of their abstract use value, namely “utility.” The abstract value of goods, also known as the utility of goods, is the satisfaction of consumers when they consume or use goods. It is the sum of the consumers’ perception and use of value and the sum of the value of information left in the minds of consumers (consumers) . As a general attribute, “utility” makes the use value of different commodities universal, so that utility comparison between different commodities can be made, and then comprehensive calculation can be carried out so as to exchange and form the exchange value of the commodities.