一在十九世纪末和二十世纪初,中国西部文物外流现象之严重,恐怕是空前绝后的.现在典藏在英国、法国、德国、苏联、瑞典,日本、芬兰、丹麦、印度、美国等国家的中国甘肃、新疆、西藏文物,包括著名的敦煌文书和吐鲁番文书,都是在这段时期内被发现、购买、劫走的。而对上述过程的系统调查研究,是今天敦煌吐鲁番学面临的首要课题之一。在与发现、购买、劫走中国西部文物有关的人物当中,最重要的当然是斯坦因(M.A.Stein)、伯希和(P.Pelliot)、勒考克(A.von Le Coq)、斯文赫定(Sven Hedin)、奥登堡(S.Oldenburg)等人。对于他们的研究,无论在中国或是在 In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the phenomenon of the outflow of cultural relics in the west of China was probably unprecedented and unprecedented, now being preserved in China in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Soviet Union, Japan, Finland, Denmark, India, the United States and other countries Gansu, Xinjiang and Tibetan relics, including the well-known Dunhuang and Turfan texts, were discovered, purchased and stolen during this period. The systematic investigation and study of the above process is one of the major topics confronting Dunhuang and Turfan Studies today. Of course, the most important of those related to the discovery, purchase, and looting of western cultural relics of course are MAStein, P. Pelliot, A. von Le Coq, Sven Hedin, S. Oldenburg et al. For their research, either in China or in