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地下空洞引起的土质地层地陷是地质灾害的一种常见形式。由于地陷产生的原因非常复杂,目前相关研究还处于起步阶段。通过地陷成因和实例分析,首先确认了软土和粗粒土地层的地陷破坏模式。然后对软土地层圆柱形地陷,采用土体塑性极限平衡理论导出了计算地陷安全系数的公式,并据此分析了影响地陷的相关因素。对粗粒土地层地陷的圆形塌陷漏斗,基于散体流动理论提出了粗粒土流失判据,推导了地陷安全系数计算公式;通过分析粗粒土地层地陷形成规律,提出了基于土层厚度和地陷漏斗最大沉降的地陷预测与评估方法。最后,采用数值模拟方法分析了软土和粗粒土地层地陷时的地层变形规律,对所提地陷模型的合理性进行了说明。本文研究成果可为认识土质地层地陷的形成机制和地陷防治提供参考。
Subsoil caused by the formation of soil subsidence is a common form of geological disasters. Due to the complex causes of the subsidence, the related research is still in its infancy. Based on the causes of the subsidence and the case study, we first confirm the subsidence mode of soft soil and coarse grained soil. Then, the formula of calculating the safety factor of the subsidence is deduced by using the plastic limit equilibrium theory of the soil, and the related factors affecting the subsidence are analyzed. Based on the theory of bulk flow, a criterion for the loss of coarse soil is proposed and the formula for calculating the safety factor of the subsidence is derived. For the formation of the subsidence in the coarse-grained soil layer, Prediction and assessment of subsidence due to the maximum subsidence of soil layer thickness and funnel. Finally, the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the strata deformation rules of soft soil and coarse-grained soil subsidence, and the rationality of the proposed subsidence model is illustrated. The research results in this paper can provide reference for understanding the formation mechanism of subsidence and controlling the subsidence of the earth strata.