一、俄罗斯地质高等教育改革简介 由于前苏联的解体和市场经济进入教育界,俄罗斯地质高等教育的体制、课程体系、教学计划等都作了较大的改革。教学体制上,原苏联长期实行本科5年制、副博士生3年制,缺少硕士生和博士生学制。博士不是“读”出来的,而是在副博士生毕业数年后结合科研撰写好博士论文并申请答辩通过后才能获得博士学位。一般情况下,具有副博士学位的人经申请评定只能得到副教授职称,具有博士学位的人经申请评定才能得到教授职称。有少数人因某种原因没有撰写 I. Brief Introduction to the Reform of Russia’s Geological Higher Education As a result of the dissolution of the former Soviet Union and the market economy entering the education sector, the system, curriculum system and teaching plan of Russia’s geopark higher education have been greatly reformed. The teaching system, the former Soviet Union long-term implementation of five-year undergraduate, associate doctoral student system for three years, the lack of master’s and doctoral student system. Doctorate is not “read” out, but in a few years after graduating from a doctoral student combined with scientific research to write a doctoral dissertation and apply for a defense to get a doctorate. Under normal circumstances, people with associate doctoral degree can only get the title of associate professor after appraisal. Those who have doctoral degree can get the title of professor after applying for appraisal. A few people did not write for some reason