启发式教学(heuristic teaching)指教师在教学工作中依据学习过程的客观规律,引导学生主动、积极、自觉地掌握知识的教学法。在中国,“启发”一词源于古代教育家孔丘的“不愤不启,不悱不发”。朱熹解释说:“愤者,心求通而未得之意;悱者,口欲言而未能之貌。启,谓开其意;发,谓达其辞”。孔子以后,《学记》的作者提出“道而弗牵,强而弗抑,开而弗达”,进一步阐发了启发式教学的思想,主张启发学生,引导学生,但不硬牵着他们走;严格要求 Heuristic teaching refers to the teacher’s teaching method that guides students to master the knowledge initiatively, actively and consciously according to the objective law of learning process in the teaching work. In China, the term “enlightenment” originates from Confucius, an ancient educator. Zhu Xi explained: “The anger, the heart of seeking but not the meaning of pass; 悱 those who speak out of words but failed. Kai, that open their minds; hair, that up to its words.” After Confucius, the author of “Xue Ji” put forward the idea that “Taoism and Buddhism should be strong, restrained, and open,” further elaborated the idea of ​​heuristic teaching, advocated inspiring students and guiding students, but did not insist on them ;strict requirements