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一、引言地基所受的荷载并非突然就增加到设计荷载的,而是随着施工的进度逐渐增加的。例如,意大利的比萨斜塔是1350年完工的,自开工到竣工经历了176年(其间曾经仃工过)。这样长的施工期,对比萨斜塔随时间而发展的沉降与倾斜而言,肯定是有影响的。再如苏州的虎丘塔,迄今塔顶已向东北方向倾斜了2.32米,怎样估计当时施工期的长短对塔的沉降与倾斜所产生的影响,也是很重要的。不过由于虎丘塔地质情况比较复杂,因而这种估算就显得很为困难。在实践上,特別是对于这些重要文物而言,不论从工程角度还是从考古角度看,人们对这个
I. INTRODUCTION The load on the foundation does not suddenly increase to the design load, but gradually increases as the construction progresses. For example, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy, was completed in 1350 and lasted 176 years from the start of construction to the completion of the construction of the Leaning Tower. Such a long period of construction is certainly influential in terms of the settling and tilting of the slope tower over time. Another example is the Tiger Hill Tower in Suzhou. To date, the top of the tower has been tilted 2.32 meters to the northeast. How to estimate the impact of the construction period at the time on the settlement and inclination of the tower is also very important. However, due to the complex geological conditions of Tiger Hill, this estimate is very difficult. In practice, especially for these important cultural relics, people view this from an engineering and archeological point of view.