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古往今来,都把少年期当作由儿童向成年的“过渡期”。当代心理学和教育学认为少年期是人的一生,生理和心理发展过程中发生质的结构性改组时期。在少年期奠定的做人基础和方向,对人的终生,对一个民族和国家的前途具有深远意义。少年期,一般认为是十一、二岁到十四、五岁的年龄阶段(相当于我国初中一年级到高中一、二年级)。如何认识少年期的身心发展规律和特点,自觉地成功地把少年一代培养成四化建设所需要的人才和共产主义事业接班人,是我们广大教育工作者的神圣职责。关于少年期的发展规律和特点,在心理学和教育学论著中已有许多论述,本文仅就当前加强少年教育的几个急需解决的理论和实际问题,谈谈个人的粗浅看法。
Throughout the ages, the adolescent period has been regarded as a “transitional period” from childhood to adulthood. Contemporary psychology and pedagogy hold that adolescence is the life cycle of human beings and that the qualitative structural reorganization occurred during the development of physiology and psychology. The foundation and direction of life as laid down in adolescence have profound implications for the life of a person and the future of a nation and a country. Adolescence, generally considered to be eleven, two to fourteen, five-year-old age (equivalent to China’s first middle school to high school one or two). How to understand the laws and characteristics of the physical and mental development during adolescence, consciously and successfully train the adolescent generation to become qualified personnel for success of the four modernizations and successors to the cause of communism are the sacred duties of the vast number of educators. There are many expositions on the laws and characteristics of the development of adolescence in psychology and pedagogy. Only a few urgent theoretical and practical problems to be solved in adolescent education are discussed in this paper.