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1986-1991年间,利用已知抗叶锈病基因的小麦近等基因系(或单基因系)作鉴别寄主,首次采用毒性基因频率、毒性因子(FV)、毒性值(VV)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等反映群体水平的参数,对我国小麦叶锈菌的毒性基因结构、频率、时间动态、空间格局及不同生理小种毒性基因的异质性等进行了比较分析。结果表明,毒性基因V2a、V9、V15、V19、V24、V28、V29的出现频率较低(小于30%),其对应的抗性基因为目前我国小麦叶锈菌的有效抗病基因;V1、V3ka,V10、V26的频率处于升高的趋势,V2a、V15的频率有下降的趋势;不同地区叶锈菌群体的毒性因子、毒性值和毒性基因组合的多样性明显不同,我国和北美的叶锈菌至少存在4-5个毒性基因的差异;不同生理小种的毒性基因结构差异显著,叶中3号不具备V26基因,叶中34号不具有V1、V14a、V17和V27基因,而叶中4号携带有这些毒性基因。文中还对利用近等基因系作鉴别寄主的优点进行了讨论。
In 1986-1991, we used the wheat near-isogenic lines (or single-gene lines) with known resistance to leaf rust as the identification host. For the first time, the frequencies of virulence genes, virulence factors (FV), toxicity values (VV) and Shannon-Wiener diversity Sex index and other parameters that reflect the population level. The toxic gene structure, frequency, temporal dynamics, spatial pattern and heterogeneity of different physiological races were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the frequency of occurrence of the virulence genes V2a, V9, V15, V19, V24, V28 and V29 was low (less than 30%), and the corresponding resistance genes were the effective resistance genes of Puccinia tritici in China. The frequencies of V3ka, V10 and V26 were on the rise, and the frequencies of V2a and V15 tended to decrease. The diversity of virulence, toxicity and virulence genes was significantly different in different populations of leaf rust, There were at least 4-5 virulence genes in rust resistance. The structure of toxic genes in different races was significantly different. Yezhong 3 did not have V26 gene, Yezhong 34 did not have V1, V14a, V17 and V27 genes, No. 4 carries these toxic genes. The article also discusses the advantages of using near isogenic lines to identify hosts.