人力资源开发、人力资本形成与经济增长有着密切关系。人力资本的生产在于提高知识水平,从而产生一种长期增长的机制。正确处理人力资源开发(即人力资本投资)和物质资本投资(即固定资产投资)之间的关系,就可以实现国民经济的良性循环,加快经济增长。事实证明,一个国家的人力资本存量越多、人力资本的生产率越高,经济增长率就越高。而那些人力资本生产过少的国家就可能陷入“低水平陷阱”。从国际上看,资源开发导向型国家的经济增长缓慢,而知识开发导向型国家的经济增长却快得多。这是因为资源性产品的需求弹性小,易受外部市场需求变化的影响,造成经济增长的不稳定性;而人力资本丰富、知识发达的地 Human resources development, human capital formation and economic growth are closely related. The production of human capital is to raise the level of knowledge, resulting in a long-term growth mechanism. Correctly handling the relationship between human resource development (ie, human capital investment) and material capital investment (ie, investment in fixed assets) can bring about a virtuous circle of national economy and speed up economic growth. Facts have proved that the more stock of human capital in a country, the higher the productivity of human capital and the higher the rate of economic growth. Countries that produce too little human capital may fall into “low-level traps.” Internationally, the economic growth of resource-oriented countries is slow, while that of knowledge-oriented countries is much faster. This is because the demand elasticity of resource products is small and vulnerable to changes in external market demand, resulting in instability in economic growth. However, due to the lack of human capital and knowledge