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由于水分子是极性分子,它的偶极子的正电重心和负电重心不重合,所以在电场的作用下,水分子会发生取向和变形,使原有的极性更加增大.这样,当我们把带电体靠近水流边缘时,水流的方向就会发生偏移.这种现象对于非极性分子却作用甚微.一般做水分子的极性实验时,都采用把摩擦带电的玻璃棒或塑料棒接近水流,观察水流方问所发生的变化.若将物理仪器中的感应起电机应用于这个化学实验,效果却比用塑料棒更佳.
Since the water molecule is a polar molecule, its dipole’s positive electric center of gravity and negative electric center of gravity are not coincident, so under the action of the electric field, the water molecules will be oriented and deformed, and the original polarity will be further increased. When we move the charged body closer to the edge of the water stream, the direction of the water flow will shift. This phenomenon has little effect on non-polar molecules. Generally, when the polarization experiment of water molecules is performed, the friction-charged glass rod is used. Or the plastic rod is close to the water flow, observe the change of the water flow. If the induction motor in the physical instrument is applied to this chemical experiment, the effect is better than using a plastic rod.