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用柔度法中的裂尖应变法测定了车轴钢缺口裂纹的张开载荷。根据车轴钢的循环应力应变曲线,利用ADINA非线性有限元程序分析了裂尖附近的应力应变场。计算了缺口裂纹的张开载荷。柔度法和数值法的结果吻合。本文提出敏感点的概念,实测张开载荷的关键在于将应变片布置在敏感点上。实测和有限元计算证实敏感点是裂尖前方应变线性最佳而应变值又较大的位置。
The crack initiation load of axle steel was measured by the crack tip method in compliance method. According to the cyclic stress-strain curve of axle steel, the stress-strain field near the crack tip is analyzed by ADINA nonlinear finite element program. The open load of notched crack was calculated. The results of the compliance method and the numerical method are in agreement. In this paper, the concept of sensitive point is put forward. The key to measuring the open load lies in placing the strain gauge on the sensitive point. The measured and finite element calculations confirm that the sensitive point is the linearity with the best strain and the larger strain in the front of the crack tip.