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传统的地下水开采潜力评价方法主要采用单个指标进行评价，难以全面科学地反映地下水开采潜力的影响要素。地下水的空间分布、动态变化受到经济社会发展、开采技术等多个因素影响，也与自身调节有关，这与生态位理论的观念吻合。提出地下水生态位的定义、计算公式；进行河北平原9个主要城市的地下水生态位计算、聚类分析，分析其地下水开采潜力；并与传统方法的评价结果进行了对比。结果表明，除保定、秦皇岛和廊坊外，其他城市的两种方法的评价结果大致相似；差异分析说明地下水生态位的评价方法更全面、科学合理，符合实际。生态位理论将为地下水开采潜力评价分析提供一种新的、甚至是根本性的尝试。
The traditional evaluation method of groundwater exploitation potential mainly uses a single index for evaluation, which makes it difficult to comprehensively and scientifically reflect the influence elements of groundwater exploitation potential. The spatial distribution and dynamic change of groundwater are influenced by many factors, such as economic and social development and mining technology, as well as their own regulation, which agrees with the concept of niche theory. The definition and calculation formula of groundwater niche are put forward. The groundwater ecological niche calculation and cluster analysis in nine major cities of Hebei plain are carried out to analyze the potential of groundwater exploitation. The results are compared with those of traditional methods. The results show that the evaluation results of two methods in other cities except Baoding, Qinhuangdao and Langfang are similar. The analysis of variance shows that the evaluation method of groundwater niche is more comprehensive, scientific and reasonable and in line with the reality. The theory of niche will provide a new and even fundamental attempt to evaluate the potential of groundwater exploitation.