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层次性、预期性及不具有惩罚性是WTO法律救济的主要特点。与一般国际法中的救济相比,WTO体制下的救济不仅在理论上是有限的,而且在实践中的有效性也是存在问题的。WTO法律救济存在的主要问题表现在:现在的救济仅仅是理论上的救济;现在的救济对实际受到损害的人没有提供任何救济;WTO体制下的救济是不充分的;发展中国家在救济方面面临着更为严重的问题。改革WTO法律救济,不能忽视WTO争端解决机制的特殊性质和功能,而应以现有的制度为基础,致力于使其成为更切实可行的救济方法。具体包括:有限度地承认追溯性的救济;坚持赔偿的自愿性;明确赔偿的形式并鼓励货币赔偿;在确定赔偿的数量方面引入及时的仲裁机制。
Hierarchy, expectancy and non-punitiveness are the main features of WTO legal remedies. Compared with the remedies in common international law, relief under the WTO system is not only theoretically limited, but also has its problems in practice. The main problems existing in the WTO legal remedies are as follows: the current remedies are only theoretical remedies; the present remedies do not provide any relief to those who are actually harmed; the relief under the WTO system is not sufficient; and the developing countries are providing remedies for relief Faced with more serious problems. To reform WTO legal remedies, the special nature and function of WTO dispute settlement mechanism can not be neglected. Instead, it should be based on the existing system and be committed to making it a more viable remedy. These include: a limited recognition of retroactive relief; the persistence of voluntary reparations; the clarification of forms of compensation and the encouragement of monetary compensation; and the introduction of timely arbitration mechanisms in determining the amount of compensation.