京胡又称胡琴,是在清乾隆五十年(1785)左右,随着京剧的形成在胡琴的基础上改制而成的拉弦乐器,至今已有200余年历史。最早的京胡,不仅琴杆短,琴筒也小,为了能拉高调儿还有蒙蟒皮的,而且是用软弓子(不张紧弓毛)拉弦。19世纪以后,才开始出现硬弓。现在安徽、山东、河南、四川等地仍有保留用软弓演奏,音色较硬弓演奏的柔软,并有一种特殊的碎弓效果,演奏技巧也很高,而硬弓的发音则刚劲、嘹亮。20世纪上半叶,京剧演员不断降低音高,讲究行腔圆润,京胡的结构也随之变化,琴杆、琴筒不断加长。自此,京胡逐渐流行全国,在北京尤为盛行。 Hu Jin, also known as Hu Qin, was a stringed instrument practiced for about 50 years (1785) during the reign of the Qing Emperor Qianlong. With the formation of Peking Opera on the basis of a violin, it has been more than 200 years old. The earliest Jinghu, not only the piano short pole, the piano is also small, in order to pull high-profile children also have a python, but also with a soft bow (not tension bow hair) string. After the 19th century, began to appear hard bow. Now Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan and other places still retain the soft bow performance, the sound is softer than the hard bow, and there is a special broken bow effect, playing skills are also high, while the rigid bow pronunciation is vigorous, loud. The first half of the 20th century, Beijing opera performers continue to reduce the pitch, pay attention to round mellow, Jing Hu structure also will change, piano rod, piano cylinder continues to grow. Since then, Beijing has gradually become popular throughout the country and is particularly prevalent in Beijing.