1939,历史学家内文斯(A.Nevins )忧伤地问道:“历史出了什么问题?”45年后,本德(T.Bender)滔滔不绝地重复了内文斯的悲叹,道出了他对历史研究四分五裂的状况、对历史记叙问题、特别是对史学家未能超出“职业界同行”的范围(从而接近读者)表示关注。但他提出的解决历史研究“危机”的办法比内文 In 1939, historian A.Nevins sadly asked, “What’s wrong with history?” Fifty-five years later, T.Bender repeated the nemesis lament, He is concerned about the fragmentation of historical studies and his concern with historical narratives, especially with regard to historians’ failure to go beyond “professional counterparts” (and thus close to the reader). However, he proposed a solution to the historical study of the “crisis” approach than the text