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目的探讨杭州市13~18岁青少年高血压发生的危险因素,为开展高血压早期干预提供参考。方法采用现况调查的方法,筛查出青少年高血压人群;采用1∶1配比病例对照研究方法对357名新诊断的青少年高血压患者和373名对照人群的危险因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果现况调查共纳入13~18岁年龄组学生6 498名,357例患者新诊断为高血压(5.49%)。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,有15个暴露因素与青少年高血压有关(P值均<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析显示,体重(OR=1.24,95%CI=1.11~1.46)、心率(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.16~1.52)、每周吃肉或禽类食品频次(OR=3.18,95%CI=2.14~4.83)、每天静坐时间(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.35~1.90)、有高血压家族史(OR=5.45,95%CI=3.36~8.99)和有糖尿病家族史(OR=1.96,95%CI=1.05~3.69)是杭州市青少年高血压发生的独立危险因素,而每周喝乳及乳制品频次(OR=0.64,95%CI=0.46~0.89)是青少年高血压发生的独立保护因素。结论杭州市青少年高血压是遗传和不良健康行为等因素共同作用结果。改善不良行为、控制体重、加强心率监测是防控青少年高血压的关键。
Objective To explore the risk factors of hypertension in adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in Hangzhou and to provide reference for the early intervention of hypertension. Methods The prevalence of hypertension was screened by means of current situation survey. The risk factors of 357 newly diagnosed adolescent hypertension and 373 control subjects were analyzed by single-factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. Results The current status survey included 6 498 students in the age group of 13-18 years old, and 357 patients were newly diagnosed as hypertension (5.49%). Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 15 exposure factors associated with adolescent hypertension (all P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that body weight (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11-1.46), heart rate (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16-1.52), meat and poultry frequency (OR = 3.18 (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.35-1.90), family history of hypertension (OR = 5.45, 95% CI = 3.36-8.99) and family history of diabetes (OR = 1.96,95% CI = 1.05-3.69) was an independent risk factor for hypertension in adolescents in Hangzhou. However, frequency of drinking milk and dairy products per week (OR = 0.64,95% CI = 0.46-0.89) Independent protection of blood pressure. Conclusion Hypertension in adolescents in Hangzhou is a combination of genetic and adverse health behaviors. Improve bad behavior, weight control and strengthen heart rate monitoring is the key to prevention and control of adolescent hypertension.