出生缺陷(Birth Defects)是影响人口素质的一个重要因素。一个家庭出生了畸形儿,不仅家庭和本人痛苦,而且也是社会的负担。人类配子或合子的先天异常不仅是出生缺陷的重要原因,也是导致早期流产、早产、死胎、死产,以及新生儿、婴幼儿死亡的重要原因。国外调查资料表明,新生儿中的出生缺陷发生率为10～40‰(大多数为20～30‰)。不 Birth Defects are an important factor affecting the quality of the population. A family born deformed children, not only the family and their own pain, but also the burden on society. Human gametes or zygotic congenital anomalies are not only important causes of birth defects, but also lead to early miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirths, stillbirths, as well as important causes of neonatal and infant deaths. Foreign survey data show that the incidence of birth defects in newborns was 10 ~ 40 ‰ (most of 20 ~ 30 ‰). Do not