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目的了解四川省双流县围产儿出生缺陷类型与分布特征,分析其影响因素并提出干预措施。方法采用定量研究方法,对2011-2013年双流县8家出生缺陷监测单位上报的248例《医疗机构出生缺陷儿登记卡》中的信息进行描述性分析。结果 2011-2013年双流县共有围产儿28 332例,出生缺陷248例,出生缺陷发生率为8.75‰。出生缺陷顺位前5位为多指(趾)、小耳(包括无耳)、总唇裂(包括唇裂、腭裂、唇裂合并腭裂)、外耳其他畸形(小耳,无耳除外)和先天性心脏病。城镇的出生缺陷发生率(17.94‰)高于农村(7.11‰)差异有统计学意义(χ2=49.24,P<0.01)。35岁以上年龄段的产母分娩的出生缺陷率(12.44‰)高于25~29年龄段(7.25‰)差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.15,P<0.05)。结论2011-2013年双流县出生缺陷发生率较低,城镇高于农村,高龄产母的出生缺陷儿发生率较高,应采取提高生态环境质量、选择最佳生育年龄计划怀孕和加强孕期保健等措施。
Objective To understand the types and distribution of perinatal birth defects in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province, analyze its influencing factors and propose intervention measures. Methods A quantitative analysis method was used to describe the information of 248 cases of birth deformity registration card reported by 8 birth defect monitoring units in 2011-2013 in Shuangliu County. Results From 2011 to 2013, Shuangliu County had 28 332 perinatal births, 248 birth defects and a birth defect rate of 8.75 ‰. The top 5 birth defects were multiple fingers, small ears (including no ears), total cleft lip (including cleft lip, cleft palate, cleft lip with cleft palate), other malformations of the external ear (except small ears, no ears) and congenital heart disease. The incidence of birth defects (17.94 ‰) in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (7.11 ‰) (χ2 = 49.24, P <0.01). The birth defect rate (12.44 ‰) in childbirth over 35 years old was higher than that in 25-29 years old (7.25 ‰) (χ2 = 5.15, P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of birth defects was lower in Shuangliu County from 2011 to 2013 than that in rural areas. The incidence of birth defects among elders in older age was higher, and the eco-environmental quality should be improved. The optimal age of birth should be chosen to plan pregnancy and strengthen the health during pregnancy Measures.