清末废科举、兴“新学”时,把官话改称国语。学校里设有一门功课叫“国文”,教的是文言文。1919年,“五四”运动提出文体改革,废除文言文,启用白话文。北洋政府教育部实行推行国语的政策,小学的“国文”改称国语,侧重白话文,提倡教学应接近群众的实际语言。中学仍称为“国文”,侧重文言文, At the end of the Qing Dynasty, when the Imperial Examination was abolished and the “New Learning” was established, the Mandarin was renamed Mandarin. The school has a homework called “Chinese language” and teaches classical Chinese. In 1919, the “May 4th Movement” proposed stylistic reforms, abolished classical Chinese and enabled the use of vernacular Chinese. The Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government implements the policy of promoting the national language. The “Chinese language” of the primary school is renamed the national language, focusing on the vernacular, and teaching should be close to the actual language of the people. The middle school is still called “Chinese language,” with emphasis on classical Chinese.