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这篇文章,是国际知名的科学教育专家兰本达教授,在她85岁高龄的时候,为我国的《小学自然教学》杂志撰写的。她为了撰写这篇评论,在五年间耗费了大量的精力和时间,克服阅读汉字的重重困难,仔细研读了人民教育出版社从1982年起供全国使用的《自然》课本1～6册、与之配套的《教师用书》1～6册;还研读了一些优秀教师试教这套教材的《备课教案》1～6册;看了一些试教课的实况录像和《小学自然教学》杂志上的文章。其间,还时常与《小学自然教学》杂志的编者姜允珍、顾问刘默耕通信讨论,最后于1989年10月成稿。全文虽然只有近8千字,却凝聚着这位长者对社会主义中国教育改革深厚的感情和厚望。尤其可贵的是,本文不仅对我国小学自然教材和教学作出了科学的评价、分析,而且还言简意赅地精辟阐述了两种教育思想的本质区别:一种是只重注入、死记硬背现成书本知识的传统教育思想;一种是着力于引导儿童格物致知,并通过互相切磋砥砺逐步形成现代科学概念的改革教育思想。在本文中还提出了一个指导教材改革的“整体思维”原则,并列举出了《自然》课本中正好是体现这个原则的许多内容。无疑,这些都是很发人深省、并必然会有助于我们深化改革、完善改革的。 非常不幸,兰本达教授没看见本文的发表,就出人意外地于1990年7月2日因患肺炎逝世了!享年86岁。1990年7月4日《纽约时报》和《波士顿环球邮报》都报道了兰本达教授逝世的消息和她的主要生平事迹,《环球邮报》还登了她的遗像。消息传来,我国小学自然教学界和其他熟识她的人士无不深感痛惜。美国的许多学者约定于1990年12月1日在波士顿召开对兰本达教授的追思会,邀请我们去参加。可惜通知晚了,来不及与会,只能航寄去一封信,追念她在科学上、教育上的卓越成就,感谢她在进入80高龄以后六年间对中国的科学教育改革事业所作的无私奉献,表达我们对她的敬重和爱戴之情;同时表示我们将学习她崇高的国际主义精神,为人类的利益而努力从事科学教育的改革,发扬她的先进教育思想,以此来纪念她。也为此,本刊本期特全文登载兰本达教授的这篇文章,愿有更多的读者认识兰本达教授的崇高品德和深邃学说。
This article is an internationally renowned science education expert Professor Lan Benda, at the age of 85 when she wrote for China's “Primary School Natural Teaching” magazine. In order to write this commentary, she spent a great deal of effort and time in five years and overcame the difficulties of reading Chinese characters. She carefully studied 1-6 volumes of “natural” textbooks used by the People's Education Press nationwide since 1982, Supporting the “teacher's book” 1 to 6 volumes; also studied some excellent teachers to teach this set of teaching materials “lesson plan” 1 to 6; read some experimental teaching of live video and “primary school nature teaching” magazine The article. In the meantime, he often talked with Jiang Yunzhen, editor of “Primary School Natural Teaching” magazine and consultant Liu Munggeng, and finally made a final draft in October 1989. Although the full text is only about 8,000 words, it embodies the elders' profound feelings and hopes for the socialist education reform in China. Particularly valuable is that this article not only makes a scientific evaluation and analysis of the natural primary school textbooks and teaching in our country, but also concisely elaborates on the essential differences between the two kinds of educational thoughts: one is to focus on the mere introduction of rote books, The traditional educational thought; one is focused on guiding the children's knowledge to be known, and through mutual learning and tempering to gradually form the concept of modern science and reform education. In this paper, we also put forward a principle of “holistic thinking” that guides the reform of teaching materials and lists many contents of the “natural” textbook precisely reflecting this principle. Undoubtedly, these are very thought-provoking ones and will surely help us deepen the reform and improve the reform. Very unfortunately, Professor Lan Benda did not see the publication of this article, on July 2, 1990 accidentally died of pneumonia! At the age of 86 years old. Both the New York Times and The Boston Globe reported on July 4, 1990, the news of the passing of Professor Lamponda and her major biographical deeds. The Globe and Mail also posted her portrait. According to the news, all of our primary school nature teaching circles and other people who know her are deeply sorry. Many scholars in the United States have agreed to hold a memorial meeting with Professor Lamponda in Boston on December 1, 1990, inviting us to attend. Unfortunately, the notice was too late to attend the meeting. Only one letter could be sent by airmail to recall her outstanding achievements in science and education. She thanked her for her selfless dedication to the cause of China's science education reform in the six years after entering the age of 80 Expressing her respect and affection for her. At the same time, she said that she will study her noble lofty spirit of internationalism, work hard for the benefit of mankind in carrying out the reform of science education, and promote her advanced educational thoughts to commemorate her. For this reason, this issue of the full edition of this article, published by Professor Lan Benda, would like to have more readers to understand Professor Lupont's noble character and profound doctrine.