教学活动有两个主要因素:一个是教师,一个是学生。苏霍姆林斯基认为,教学就是教给学生能借助已有知识去获取新知的能力,并使学习成为一种思索活动。他主张教师应当使学生看到、感觉到、触摸到他们不懂的东西,使他们面前出现疑问。让学生对自己的知识仓库加以清点、回顾,把可以解决面临问题的知识都抛出来继续思考;教师同时给予必要的启发诱导填补空缺,引导学生在思考中掌握知识,在掌握中发展自己的思维能力。因此必须调动学生学习的主动性,也就是学习的内因,促使教学的有效实施,提高教学效果。一、激发兴趣,促使学生主动学习 There are two main elements of teaching activities: one is a teacher and one is a student. Suhomlinski believes that teaching is to teach students the ability to use existing knowledge to acquire new knowledge and make learning a thinking activity. He argued that teachers should make students see, feel and touch what they do not understand, making them questionable before them. Let students to inventory their knowledge warehouse, review, the problem can be solved to solve the problem thrown out to continue thinking; teachers also give the necessary inspiration to fill vacancies, to guide students to master the knowledge in thinking, in the development of their own thinking ability. Therefore, we must mobilize the initiative of students to learn, which is the internal cause of learning, to promote the effective implementation of teaching and improve teaching effectiveness. First, stimulate interest and encourage students to take the initiative to learn