一、前言我国已有2000多年使用铜钱的历史,清朝是使用传统铜钱的最后一个王朝,铸造技术和合金配比上均有所变化。中国币制自宋以来已开始发生变化,其代表是纸币的出现。在明代另一重要变化是银本位制的逐步形成,使传统的铜币逐渐退到辅币的地位。从此,在社会经济活动中,大宗交易多用银,而小宗交易仍使用铜币,政府也提倡使用白银。但是,清前期的中央货币政策很少涉及白银,其重点集中在铜钱上,如规定银钱比价、改变制钱的重量和成分等。 I. Preface China has more than 2,000 years of history of using copper coins. The Qing dynasty was the last dynasty to use traditional copper coins. There was a change in casting technology and alloy mix. China’s currency system has started to change since the Song Dynasty, the representative of the emergence of banknotes. Another important change in the Ming dynasty was the gradual formation of the silver standard, which gradually allowed the traditional copper coins to retreat to the position of the coin. Since then, in the socio-economic activities, large-scale transactions have been mostly used for silver while smaller transactions have still used copper coins, and the government has also advocated the use of silver. However, the central monetary policy in the early Qing seldom involves silver, with its focus on copper money, such as stipulating a money price ratio and changing the weight and composition of money making.