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精神哲学基本的形而上学所涉及的是:精神是否存在,如果存在,其存在方式是什么,以及它与其他存在的关系是什么等。唯物主义认为,只有物理的实体(和物理的能量)是存在的。另一方面,对于那些认为精神是作为一种非物质的实体而存在的人来说,既有一些有关非物质的精神和物质的肉体都存在的二元理论,也有一些有关存在的仅仅是精神而不是肉体的非唯物主义理论。最后,还有一些所谓中性的一元论理论,对于这些理论来讲,存在于自然界中最基本的东西,既不是精神的也不是物质的,而是某种中性的材料,精神的或物质的东西就是由它构成的。
Spiritual philosophy The basic metaphysics involves: whether or not the spirit exists, if it exists, what its existence is and what it is related to other existence. Materialism holds that only physical entities (and physical energies) exist. On the other hand, for those who believe that spirit exists as an immaterial entity, there are both dual theories concerning the physical existence of immaterial spirits and material bodies, and some that are merely spiritual about the existence Not the physical non-materialist theory. Finally, there are also some so-called neutral monist theories for which the most fundamental things that exist in nature are neither spiritual nor material, but a neutral, material, spiritual or material It is composed of it.