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本文研究了不同结构的季铵盐、季鏻盐、常用冠醚以及N,N＇-二取代氦杂冠醚等相转移催化剂,催化产生的二溴卡宾与对-甲基苯乙烯的加成反应。结果证明,具有对称烷基结构的季铵盐的催化性能优于碳链较长、对称性较差的手铵盐。在冠醚类相转移催化剂中,新型N,N＇-二取代氮杂冠醚优于常用冠醚及穴醚[2.2.2]。在十九种相转移催化剂中,以N,N＇-双(3＇、6＇-二氧杂癸烷基)-1,7,10,16-四氧杂-4,13-二氮杂环十八烷[简称二丁基2.2(2.2)]的催化性能最佳。简要讨论了鎓盐及大环多醚的PTC反应机理及催化性能,还比较了氘代氯仿、氘代氢氧化钠重水体系进行的相转移催化反应。
In this paper, different structures of quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt, commonly used crown ether and N, N’-disubstituted helium crown ether and other phase transfer catalyst, catalytic dibuclaben and p-methylstyrene addition reaction. The results demonstrate that quaternary ammonium salts with symmetrical alkyl structures have superior catalytic properties to the longer, less symmetric, quaternary ammonium salts. Among the crown ether phase transfer catalysts, the novel N, N’-disubstituted azacrown ethers are superior to the commonly used crown and cryptands [2.2.2]. Among the nineteen kinds of phase transfer catalysts, N, N’-bis (3 ’, 6’-dioxadecyl) -1,7,10,16-tetraoxa-4,13-diazepine Cyclooctadecane [dibutyl 2.2 (2.2)] has the best catalytic performance. The PTC reaction mechanism and catalytic performance of onium salts and macrocyclic polyethers are briefly discussed. The phase transfer catalysis of deuterated chloroform and deuterated sodium hydroxide heavy water systems is also compared.