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目的探讨医学生儿童期不良经历(ACEs)与应付方式的关系,为减少其危险行为的发生提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,应用一般情况调查表、ACEs问卷和应付方式调查表对某医学院校1 071名本科生进行调查,探讨应对方式与儿童期不良经历的关系。结果医学生在儿童期存在着较为严重的虐待和忽视,67.69%的研究对象在18岁以前经历过至少1种ACE(即ACE评分≥1),48.74%的研究对象经历过至少2种ACE(即ACE评分≥2),而4.76%的研究对象经历过至少5种ACE(即ACE评分≥5)。应付方式上,不同性别大学生在自责和退避2个分量表得分差异均有统计学意义,且儿童期不良经历得分与自责、幻想、退避和合理化4种应付方式均呈正相关,与解决问题和求助2个成熟型应对方式间均呈负相关。结论儿童期不良经历可能会对医学生应付方式产生影响,家庭、学校和社会应密切合作,减少儿童期不良经历的发生及不成熟应付方式的产生,从而减少危险行为的发生。
Objective To explore the relationship between medical students’ bad experiences in childhood (ACEs) and coping styles, and to provide basis for reducing the occurrence of dangerous behaviors. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1,071 undergraduates in a medical college using the General Situation Questionnaire, ACEs Questionnaire and Coping Styles Questionnaire to explore the relationship between coping styles and childhood ill experiences. Results Medical students had more severe abuses and neglect in childhood. 67.69% of the subjects experienced at least 1 type of ACE (ie, ACE score ≥1) before the age of 18, while 48.74% of the subjects experienced at least 2 types of ACE Ie, ACE score ≥2), while 4.76% of subjects underwent at least 5 ACE (ACE score ≥5). In terms of coping style, there were significant differences in scores of two subscales between self-accusation and retreat in different genders, and there was a positive correlation between the scores of childhood bad experiences and four coping styles of self-blame, fantasy, retreat and rationalization, And help 2 mature coping styles were negative correlation. Conclusion The negative experience of childhood may have an impact on the coping style of medical students. Families, schools and society should cooperate closely to reduce the occurrence of unhealthy experiences and immature coping styles in childhood so as to reduce the occurrence of dangerous behaviors.