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康德道德义务所面临的困境:第一,它过于理想化,未能充分考虑道德义务相互冲突的复杂性,单凭道德义务无法有效地解决道德问题。第二,道德义务基于实践理性自身的实践性,并未给予合理的证明。面对这些困境,赫尔曼提出“中层理论”的康德式辩护,旨在阐明如何超越道德义务论。一方面“中层理论”能够顾及到道德复杂因素以及与之相关的事实,另一方面“中层理论”能够把先验实践理性概念运用到实际经验世界中,并表明实践理性本身即是一种价值概念。
The dilemmas faced by Kant’s moral obligations: First, it is too idealistic and fails to take full account of the conflicting complexities of moral obligations. Ethical obligations alone can not effectively solve moral problems. Second, the moral obligation has not been justified based on the practicality of practical reason itself. Faced with these dilemmas, Herman proposed the Kantian defense of “middle theory”, which aims to clarify how to surpass the moral obligation theory. On the one hand, “middle theory ” can take into account the complex elements of moral and related facts, on the other hand “middle theory ” can apply the concept of transcendental practical reason into the actual world of experience, and show that practical reason itself Is a concept of value.