人类在地球上生存繁衍了几十万年 ,甚至上百万年 ,有文字记载以来的历史就有几千年。人类在自己的经济、政治、文化和社会生活中 ,从野蛮走向文明 ,创造、积累了千姿百态的文明成果。有人从地球方位角度观察 ,将文明概括为东方文明、西方文明 ;有人从地理特点角度观察 ,将文明 Humans have survived hundreds of thousands of years or even millions of years on Earth. There have been thousands of years of history since written records. In their own economic, political, cultural and social life, mankind has moved from savage to civilized and has created and accumulated a variety of civilized achievements. Some people observe from the azimuth of the earth and classify civilization into oriental civilization and western civilization. Some people observe from the perspective of geography,