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本文从工程图学的角度分析介绍近年我国在河北省平山县战国中山王墓发掘出土的公元前四世纪的建筑平面图,说明此图图法先进,制图时不仅采用了接近于现在人们所用的正投影水平剖视图法,注明尺寸,而且是以当时中山国尺长为单位,选用缩小比例1:500制出的。由此可知它是用以指导施工的建筑平面图,是名副其实的图样,在世界范围内也是罕见的古代早期图样遗存之一。它的发现,证实我国文献上有关图样的历史记载,说明我国工程技术上使用图和图样有悠久的历史和传统。至于图中的建筑物,本文认为有可能是中山王、王后等的坟墓上方建筑,但也不排除是建在别处的庙堂建筑群。建议继续研究,最后取决于发掘实践。
This article analyzes the architectural plan of the fourth century BC found in China’s Tomb of the Warring States Period in the Warring States Period in Pingshan County, Hebei Province in recent years from the perspective of engineering graphics. It shows that the map is of advanced drawings and methods, and the map is not only used as it is now. Projection horizontal section view method, indicate the size, and is based on the length of the Zhongshan national ruler at that time, use the reduced ratio of 1:500 to make. It can be seen that it is a plan of the building to guide the construction and is a veritable pattern. It is also one of the rare ancient and early pattern relics in the world. Its findings confirm the historical records of the patterns in the literature in China and show that there are a long history and traditions in the use of maps and drawings in China’s engineering technology. As for the buildings in the figure, this paper believes that it may be a building above the tomb of the King of Zhongshan and the Queen, but it does not rule out the construction of a temple complex that is built elsewhere. It is recommended that the research be continued and that it ultimately depends on the excavation practice.