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高温环境中运动会引起体温调节和其它生理压力,继而可导致耐力运动能力的损害。本共识性声明的目的是提供最新的建议以使热环境中体育活动时的运动能力最优化。可用于降低热应激压力和优化运动能力的最重要干预方式是热习服,其应包括1~2周以上反复的运动—高温环境暴露。此外,运动员应在正常水合状态下开始比赛和训练,并将运动中的脱水最小化。随着商用降温系统(如降温背心)的发展,在高温环境中训练或比赛前,运动员可以采取降温策略来促进热的散发或提高蓄热能力。而且,赛事组织者应该设计大面积的遮阳区域,并提供降温和补水设施,按照最小化运动员的健康风险来安排赛事,尤其是在大众参与的赛事中及一年之中炎热天气开始之初。以最近的2008年奥运会和2014年国际足联世界杯为例,当比赛在高温环境中举行时,赛事主管机构应考虑在比赛中或比赛之间允许额外的(或更长的)恢复期以提供补水和降温的时机。
Exercise in high-temperature environments can cause thermoregulation and other physiological stresses that can in turn lead to impairment of endurance exercise capacity. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide up-to-date advice to optimize the exercise capacity of physical activity in a hot environment. The most important intervention that can be used to reduce thermal stress and optimize athletic performance is thermal acclimatization, which should include repeated 1 or 2 weeks of exercise - high temperature exposure. In addition, athletes should start the race and training under normal hydration and minimize dehydration during exercise. With the development of commercial cooling systems (such as cooling vests), athletes may adopt cooling strategies to promote heat dissipation or increase thermal storage capacity prior to training or competition in high temperature environments. Moreover, event organizers should design large shade areas and provide cooling and replenishment facilities to schedule events to minimize the health risks of athletes, especially during the public participation events and the onset of hot weather in a year. Taking the recent 2008 Olympic Games and the 2014 FIFA World Cup as an example, when a competition is held in a high-temperature environment, the governing event organizer should consider allowing additional (or longer) recovery periods between events or matches to provide Replenishment and cooling time.