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本试验采用乙炔——乙烯还原法(Hardy等人1968)使用SP—2305型气相色谱仪研究了不同施肥方法对大豆结瘤固氮和产量的影响。其主要结果如下:1、大豆施肥必须考虑大豆共生固氮的特点,施肥既能促进根瘤的发育发挥其固氮能力,又能给大豆补充营养。2、在当前生产条件下,种肥每亩施磷5～10斤于种籽下3～5厘米时,据大豆根瘤菌的固氮酶活性测定,大豆生育期的单株固氮量较对照增加61.4％,达到了“以磷增氮”的效果。增产7.9～14.9％。因此,大豆增产重视磷肥的施用是必要的,在缺磷的土壤上效果更显著。3、氮素作追肥,亩追施氮7斤于垅侧开沟深施复土和结荚鼓粒期叶面喷氮肥,亩施尿素1.5～2斤加水60～80斤。氮素主要抑制大豆主根根瘤的发育,对侧根根瘤的发育是促进的,单株根瘤数比对照高16.2～67.6％,单株根瘤重增加4～14.9％,增产10.1～13.1％。结荚鼓粒期叶面喷氮肥,增产4.3～5.9％。
In this experiment, the effects of different fertilization methods on nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean nodules were studied by acetylene-ethylene reduction method (Hardy et al., 1968) using SP-2305 gas chromatograph. The main results are as follows: 1, Soybean fertilization must consider the characteristics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of soybean, fertilization can promote the development of nodules to exert its ability of nitrogen fixation, but also to soy nutrition. 2. Under the current production conditions, when 5% to 10kg phosphorus is applied per acre, the nitrogen fixation activity of soybean rhizobia is 3 ~ 5cm under the seed, and the nitrogen fixation per plant in the soybean growth stage is increased by 61.4% %, Reached the “phosphorus by nitrogen” effect. Yield 7.9 ~ 14.9%. Therefore, the soybean yield increase emphasis on the application of phosphate fertilizer is necessary, the effect is more significant in the phosphorus-deficient soil. 3, nitrogen for topdressing, 7 kg of topdressing nitrogen in the trowel ditch deep tillage and pod drumming foliar spray of nitrogen fertilizer, mu urea 1.5 to 2 pounds plus water 60 to 80 pounds. Nitrogen mainly inhibits the development of root nodules of soybean and promotes the development of lateral root nodules. The number of single root nodules is 16.2-67.6% higher than that of the control, and the single root nodule weight is increased by 4-14.9% and the yield is 10.1-13.1%. Pod drumming foliar spray nitrogen fertilizer, an increase of 4.3 ~ 5.9%.