栓剂和灌肠剂在国内外应用均有很长的历史,最早主要用于导泻及治疗痔疮等,起局部作用。但近三十年来,国外随着生物药剂学的发展和新药的大量出现,通过各种试验和临床应用,证实某些药物以直肠给药可起全身作用,并有较高的疗效,这就引起了各国的重视,栓剂的生产品种和销售量也随之显著增加,有关此类剂型的生产、研究和临床应用,新基质、新包装材料的研究以及生产机械化的改进等,报道日益增多。近年来,我国在栓剂的研究(包括新品种的试制和新基质的寻找等)、生产(包括生产的机械化、包装材料的改进)和临床应用等方面也取得了一定的成绩。为 Suppository and enema at home and abroad have a long history of application, the earliest mainly for cathartic and treatment of hemorrhoids, etc., from the local role. However, with the development of biopharmaceuticals and the emergence of new drugs in foreign countries for nearly three decades, it has been confirmed through various tests and clinical applications that certain drugs can have a systemic effect by rectal administration and have high therapeutic effects. Has attracted the attention of all countries. The production of suppositories and the sales volume of suppositories have also increased remarkably. More and more reports on the production, research and clinical application of such dosage forms, the research on new matrices and new packaging materials and the improvement of production mechanization have been reported. In recent years, some achievements have also been made in the research of suppositories (including the trial production of new varieties and the search of new matrices, etc.), production (including mechanization of production, improvement of packaging materials) and clinical applications. for