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近代科学和技术诞生于欧洲,但科学技术的共通性特征决定了其必将曼延和拓展,引起世界文化的碰撞和重整。在中国,就其整个发展过程而言,可分三个阶段,即通过传教士传播科学技术阶段、洋务派官员引进西方科学技术阶段和由觉悟了的知识分子引起的科学化运动阶段。就其表现形态而言,可有两个支承轴线,即中西文化的冲突和知识分子心态的调整。就其理论体系而言,可有三种学说,即初遇时段的“西学中源说”、洋务运动期间的“中体西用说”和科学涌进且具革命意义时段的“激进与保守说”。
Modern science and technology were born in Europe. However, the commonalities of science and technology determine that they will be extended and extended, causing the world culture to collide and rebuild. In China, as far as its entire development process is concerned, there are three stages in which science and technology can be disseminated through missionaries. Officials in the Westernization Movement brought in stages of science and technology in Western science and those that were awakened by the intelligentsia. In terms of its manifestations, there may be two axes of support, that is, the conflict between Chinese and Western cultures and the adjustment of the mentality of intellectuals. As far as its theoretical system is concerned, there are three kinds of theories: the “Western Learning Source Theory” in the first encounter period, the “Western Learning Theory” in the Westernization Movement, and the “radical and conservative” ".