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1 引言 二战后,西方主要工业国家土木行业的研究重点从建造新建筑转移到旧有房屋的加固维修上来,一则是限于土地资源的不足;二则是经济上的原因。如英国每年花费在房屋加固维修上的费用几乎是原建筑投资的3倍多,美国学者提出了“五倍效应”,即投资1元于建造新建筑,则以后用于加固维修上的费用就是5元。可见完善旧有房屋加固维修理论势在必行,于中国尤甚。一则我国经济上尚不宽裕;二则人口众多,住房相对紧张,只有充分利用现有房源,才能相对缓解住房压力。
1 Introduction After World War II, the research focus of the civil industry in major industrial countries in the West shifted from the construction of new buildings to the reinforcement and repair of old houses. One was limited to the insufficiency of land resources; the other was economic reasons. For example, the cost that the United Kingdom spends on building reinforcement and maintenance every year is almost three times more than the original construction investment. American scholars proposed a “five-fold effect”, that is, investing one yuan in the construction of a new building, the cost for reinforcement and maintenance will be later. 5 yuan. It can be seen that it is imperative to improve the theory of reinforcement and maintenance of old houses, especially in China. One country is still not economically plentiful; the second is a large population and the housing is relatively tight. Only by making full use of existing housing can we relieve housing pressure relatively.