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20世纪90年代初现代胸腔镜技术——电视胸腔镜外科(video-assisted thoracic surgery,VATS)开始应用于胸部疾病的诊断和治疗。VATS中需要应用单侧肺通气(one lung ventilation,OLV)来完成。OLV可使手术侧肺萎陷,不仅有利于明确病变位置和范围,创造清晰的术野和宽敞的空间以利于观察和操作,还可以减少对非手术肺叶的损伤。VATS中OLV方法有双腔支气管导管插管,支气管阻塞器插管和非插管自主单侧肺通气等,而单腔支气管插管目前已基本淘汰,仅在急症插管等特殊病例中出现。本文讨论OLV各种方法的特点和临床应用进展。
In the early 1990s, modern video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was used in the diagnosis and treatment of chest diseases. VATS need to apply one lung ventilation (one lung ventilation, OLV) to complete. OLV can make surgical lung collapse, not only help to clarify the location and extent of lesions, to create a clear surgical field and spacious space for observation and operation, but also can reduce non-surgical lung injury. OLV OLV method in the double lumen bronchial catheterization, bronchial obstruction intubation and non-intubation independent unilateral lung ventilation, etc., and single-lumen bronchial intubation has been basically eliminated, only in special cases such as emergency intubation. This article discusses the characteristics of OLV various methods and clinical application progress.