地图是地理教材各个教学要素的重要组成部分,是学习地理知识的第二语言。地图以图像、符号、注记和色彩等形式,浓缩和贮存大量的地理信息,成为联系地理事物与人认知过程之间的中间环节。它要么将地理学知识形象化,如地球仪、天球仪、天体运动演示仪等;它要么将地理事物的分布图像化,如分层设色地形图、气候图、政区图、交通图、旅游图、军事地图、资源分布图等;它要么将地理事物具体化,如地理平面图、卫星云 The map is an important part of each teaching element of the geographical textbook and the second language for learning the geographical knowledge. The map concentrates and stores a large amount of geographical information in the form of images, symbols, annotations and colors, etc., and becomes an intermediate link between the process of connecting geography and human cognition. It either visualizes the knowledge of geography, such as the globe, celestial sphere, celestial movement demonstrator, etc. It either images the distribution of geo-objects, such as layered tinting topographic maps, climate maps, administrative maps, traffic maps, travel Maps, maps of the military, maps of resources, etc .; it either embodies geo-physical issues such as geographic plans, satellite clouds