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一、引言 70年代以来,工业污染所导致的全球性环境恶化达到了前所未有的程度。工业界已逐渐认识到,工业生产对环境质量的损害不仅严重地影响了企业形象而且不利于市场竞争,直接制约着企业的发展。因此,世界各国的企业都开始重视环境问题在商业中的重要性。 事实上,环境问题融入商业对企业来说不仅是一种威胁,更是一种机会。这是由如下因素造成的:①法律约束,各种环境法规和技术标准、环境税和排污费等对企业约束,不仅增加了企业成本而且增加了企业的环境风险;②贸易限制,指国际贸易对环境有害产品加以限制,据统计,我国每年因不符合环境标准而造成的出口损失高达40亿美元,且有增长之势;③消费选择,指消费者对绿色产品的需求增加和认可。据统计,1989年北美绿色产品贸易额高达1060亿美元,欧洲为1000亿美元,亚太地区500亿美元,这就造成一种新的商业机会。
I. Introduction Since the 1970s, the global environmental deterioration caused by industrial pollution has reached an unprecedented level. The industry has come to realize that the damage to environmental quality caused by industrial production not only seriously affects the corporate image but also discourages market competition, which directly restricts the development of enterprises. Therefore, enterprises all over the world are beginning to pay attention to the importance of environmental issues in business. In fact, the integration of environmental issues into business is not only a threat but also an opportunity for enterprises. This is caused by the following factors: (1) Restrictions on enterprises due to legal constraints, various environmental laws and regulations, environmental taxes and sewage charges not only increase the cost of enterprises but also increase the environmental risks of enterprises; (2) Trade restrictions refer to international trade According to statistics, the annual export loss caused by non-compliance with environmental standards in our country is as high as 4 billion U.S. dollars, and there is a trend of growth. ③Consumption choice refers to the increase and approval of consumer demand for green products. According to statistics, the trade volume of green products in North America reached as high as 106 billion U.S. dollars in 1989, 100 billion U.S. dollars in Europe and 50 billion U.S. dollars in the Asia-Pacific region. This created a new business opportunity.