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目的通过一起狂犬病疫情引起对器官移植的思考及其对狂犬病防控的意义。方法采用现场流行病学方法对北京市2015年发生的一起狂犬病疫情进行调查分析。结果 2例实验室确诊狂犬病病例均是在同一天接受同一供体的肾脏移植手术,2名患者均在完成器官移植后1.5月开始出现发热和神经系统症状,且均在出现临床症状后1~1.5月左右死亡。结论器官移植可以导致狂犬病在人与人之间传播,且潜伏期较短。建议:供体死前如出现可疑症状或有动物致伤史,在移植前进行狂犬病毒筛查。器官移植受者一旦发现有感染狂犬病毒的可能,应立即开展暴露后免疫。
Objective To raise the awareness of organ transplantation and its significance for the prevention and control of rabies through a rabies epidemic. Methods A field epidemiological method was used to investigate and analyze a rabies epidemic in Beijing in 2015. Results 2 cases of laboratory confirmed rabies were on the same day receiving the same donor kidney transplant surgery, 2 patients were in organ transplant 1.5 months after the onset of fever and neurological symptoms, and are in clinical symptoms 1 ~ About 1.5 months or so died. Conclusions Organ transplantation can lead to the spread of rabies from person to person with a short incubation period. Recommendation: Donors have any suspicious symptoms or animal history of injury prior to death, rabies virus screening prior to transplantation. Once organ transplant recipients have been infected with rabies virus, post-exposure immunization should be carried out immediately.