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清朝是以满洲贵族为主体建立起的封建政权,顺治元年(1644)清军入关之后,清朝由地方政权跃升为全国政权。清朝统治者为了维护满洲贵族的优势地位,把“首崇满洲”确立为清朝的基本国策,尤其在顺治朝表现得更加明显。尽管清朝人关后就采取联合汉族地主阶级的政策,起用明朝旧臣,顺治帝亲政后更是重用汉臣,以达到“以汉治汉”目的,但是一旦发生威胁满洲贵族利益的事件,“首崇满洲”这一基本国策就起到了突出作用,其影响贯穿于有清一代。然而,几乎未见这方面的专题论文。因此,笔者选取了最具有代表性的顺治朝,并以顺治朝的中央行政机构为研究对象,希望能够有所突破,有助于清史研究的深入。
The Qing Dynasty was a feudal regime based mainly on the Manchu aristocracy. After the Qing Dynasty’s entry into the Qing Dynasty in the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing Dynasty rose from a local regime to a national regime. In order to maintain the dominance of the Manchu aristocracy, the Qing rulers established “the first Chong Manchu” as the basic national policy of the Qing Dynasty, especially in Shunzhi. Although the Ch’ing dynasty took the policy of united the Han nationalist landlord class and started to use the Ming court’s courtiers, the pro-government rule of the Shunzhi Emperor reused the Han court in order to achieve the goal of “governing Han and Han.” However, in the event of a threat to the interests of Manchu and Aristocracy , “First Chong Manchuria” This basic national policy has played a prominent role, its influence runs through the Qing generation. However, there are few monographs in this area. Therefore, the author selects the most representative Shunzhi Dynasty and takes Shunzhi’s central administrative agency as the research object, hoping to make a breakthrough and contribute to the research of Qing history.